Oral condition in the third trimester of pregnancy and in the postpartum period in women attended at the regional hospital of coronel oviedo, paraguay
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.64668/rccss.v3i17085Keywords:
Pregnancy, Postpartum Period, DMFT Index, Periodontal Diseases, Oral HealthAbstract
Introduction: Hormonal, vascular, and immunological changes during pregnancy increase periodontal susceptibility to inflammation, which is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes and makes pregnant women's oral health a public health priority. Objective: To characterize the oral condition (DMFT index, gingival bleeding, and periodontal diagnosis) in the third trimester of pregnancy and postpartum in women treated at the Hospital Regional de Coronel Oviedo, Paraguay, October-November 2018. Material and methods: A quantitative, observational, descriptive, longitudinal, and analytical study with a repeated measures design in 60 pregnant women evaluated by periodontogram in the third trimester and re-evaluated within 40 days postpartum. Paired tests (Student's t/Wilcoxon and marginal homogeneity) were applied, with significance set at p<0.05. Results: The 25-to-31 age group (48.3%) and the ninth month of pregnancy (70.0%) predominated. The mean gingival bleeding index decreased significantly from 37.9% during pregnancy to 30.1% postpartum (p=0.014). The DMFT index was very low in 91.7% of the women at both times (p=1.000). The periodontal diagnosis showed gingivitis in 60.0% (pregnancy) and 58.3% (postpartum); periodontitis in 23.3% in both periods, and periodontal health in 16.7% and 18.3% respectively, with no significant differences (p=0.97). Conclusion: Gingival inflammation decreased significantly in the postpartum period, while caries experience and the distribution of periodontal diagnosis remained stable. This supports the reversible nature of the pregnancy-induced gingival inflammatory component, in contrast to the stability of the structural damage.
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